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                  F R E E   E S P E R A N T O   C O U R S E

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                                Lesson Five



Saluton!  (Hello!  Greetings!)



Bonan tagon!             Good day!

Bonan matenon!           Good morning!

Bonan vesperon!          Good evening!

Bonan nokton!            Good night!



Kiel vi fartas?          How are you?  (farti = to fare, be)

Bone, dankon.  Kaj vi?   Fine, thanks.  And you?

Suficxe bone.            So-so.  (literally, sufficiently well)

Ne tre bone.             Not so good.

Bonan apetiton!          Enjoy your food!  (Bon appetit!)

Je via sano!             To your health!

Same al vi, dankon.      Same to you, thanks.

Gxis la revido.          See you later.  (literally, until the re-seeing)

Adiaux.                  Goodbye.  (Adieu).



Conversation:  If two people can talk about themselves for 5 minutes each,

then they can easily have at least a 10 minute conversation.



By the end of this 10 lesson course, you should have written down all your

vital statistics and personal details (true or false!) and you should know

them by heart.



After that, you should be able to give a brief talk about yourself in

Esperanto, even if you have to prompt yourself with a 'cheat-sheet' in

English.



Let's take a look at an example about John Brown:



     Mia nomo estas Johano Bruno.  Mi logxas en Usono.  Mi komencis lerni

Esperanton antaux kvar semajnoj.  Gxi estas tre facila lingvo.  Mi logxas

en domo kun mia edzino kaj niaj infanoj.  Ni havas unu filinon kaj du

filojn.

     Mi havas korespondantojn en tri landoj.



There are 45 very useful words which are a part of a regular system of

correlated words (known technically, therefore, as "correlatives").  The

meaning of any correlative is the combined meaning of the root (beginning)

and the ending:  (simple, isn't it?)



  ki- [what]                  -o   thing

                              -a   kind of, sort of

  ti- [that]                  -e   place

                              -u   one, or person

   i- [some]                  -om  quantity (amount)

                              -am  time

 cxi- [every]                 -al  reason, for...reason

                              -el  manner, in...way

neni- [no]                    -es  one's; person's



examples:



tio = that thing     iam = sometime     nenie = no where



Typical correlatives and their equally typical English equivalents:



     English                                 Esperanto



     how?         (in) what manner           kiel

     when?        (at) what time             kiam

     where?       (at, in) what place        kie

     why?         (for) what reason          kial

     how much?    (in) what amount           kiom

     always       (at) every time            cxiam

     thus         (in) that way, manner      tiel

     nobody       no one, no person          neniu

     somewhere    (at) some place            ie



Pay attention to the accent:  ne-NI-e, KI-u, TI-al, etc.



Note that in English prepositions may be included in the meaning of the

Esperanto correlative.



The endings "a" and "u" take the grammar coding "-n" and/or "-j" where

appropriate.  The ending "o" takes the grammar coding "-n" where

appropriate.



If a question contains a question word such as "kio" or "kie", one does

not use the yes/no question word "cxu":



    What is that?      = Kio estas tio?

    Where is that?     = Kie estas tio?



Compare with:



    Are you drinking?  = Cxu vi trinkas?



__________________________ extract from here ____________________________



                         Ekzercoj, Leciono Kvin



(Translate into Esperanto)



1.   What (thing) is that (thing)?





2.   Where is my cup?





3.   Which is my book?  *





4.   Who ate my cake?  *





5.   When will you eat?





6.   Everything is wet.





7.   I forgot everything.





8.   My pen is somewhere.





9.   Then I drank my tea.





10.  How much (do) you have?  [do is not to be translated]





11.  How (does) she run?





12.  Why are you smoking?  [use simple verb form]





13.  Nobody's coffee has milk.





14.  How (did) you make it?





15.  I am not that-kind-of girl.





16.  We have all-kinds-of cups.





17.  What kind of sandwich do you have?





18.  What did you ask for?





19.  Is everyone dry?





20.  Who is that?







* Note the difference between kio and kiu.



kio = what thing; e.g., plumo, taso, limonado, etc.

kiu = which thing; e.g., la nigra plumo, la unua domo, etc.

kiu also means who.  Kiu vi estas?



Don't forget to add your name and e-mail address, and mail these

exercises to the address for your tutor in the Welcome Letter,

with subject: 'FEC ekz 5'.

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