CXAPITRO 25 (DUDEK KVIN)
"Sed vi ne respondis pri la fotokopio!"
"Ho, pardonu. La profesoro havis gxin en sia paperujo. Li
fartis tre malbone post la operacio. Marta simple prenis la dokumenton
el lia paperujo, dum li dormis; sxi ja sciis, ke li ne vivos longe. Li
fartis malbone. Lia sanstato ne lasis multe da espero. Fakte, li
baldaux mortis post tio. Neniu do zorgis pri la malaperinta papero."
"Kiel Ronga enmiksigxis en la arangxon?"
"Li estis la amanto de Marta, kaj sxi rakontis al li. Li vivas
tiamaniere, ke li dauxre bezonas multe da mono. Li organizis la aferon.
Estas li kaj kolego Fergus, kiuj forportis Gerdan, post kiam ili batis
Bob senkonscia. La oficejo de Fergus estas tute proksima. Tien ili
portis sxin, kaj tie ili atendis, gxis la vojo estis libera kaj ili
povis veturigi sxin al la forlasita domo."
Gerda parolis:
"La frato de Marta plurfoje vizitis min, antaux kelkaj monatoj.
Li provis igi min traduki por li la dokumenton. Sed kiam mi demandis,
de kie li ricevis gxin, li hezitis, iom paligxis, ne respondis tuj, kaj
mi komprenis, ke li ne agis honeste. Mi memoris la vortojn de Prof.
Kosadi, kaj malakceptis kunlabori. Sed li revenis unufoje, dufoje,
trifoje. Mi cxiufoje rifuzis. Kiam mi poste ricevis inviton instrui pri
malnovaj sekretaj lingvoj en la kadro de kurso de Prof. Ronga, mi tute
ne imagis, ke estas rilato inter Ronga kaj la junulo, kiu tiel ofte
venis al mia hejmo insisti, por ke mi traduku la paperon pri
l'trezoro."
"Jes," diris Tom. "Pro via plurfoja rifuzo ili elpensis tiun
planon. Kapti vin kaj perforte devigi vin traduki la tekston."
"Tiom da riskoj kaj zorgoj por nenio!" komentis Gerda. "Kia
malsagxeco! Kia stulteco!"
"Jes. Amatoroj," diris la policano malestime. "Ili agis amatore
ekde la komenco. Pro tio ni tiel facile ilin kaptis. Sed pri tiu
amatoreco vi danku Dion, Gerda. Pro tiu amatoreco ni povis liberigi
vin, kaj vi plu vivas. Neamatoroj en simila situacio ne hezitus: vin
uzinte, ili vin mortigus."
"CXu vere?"
"Jes. Vi sciis tro multe. Estus tro dangxere lasi vin vivi.
Sincere, vi povas danki Dion, ke nur amatoroj planis kaj realigis tiun
aferon."
Gerda silentis, pensema.
"Terure!" sxi fine diris. "CXiaokaze, mi plej sincere dankas
vin, cxiun el vi. Vi agis mirinde. Vi savis min kaj mian filinon. Sed,
Bob, kion vi opinias pri la tuta afero? Vi ankoraux diris nenion."
Bob rigardis sxin, kiun iom stranga esprimo.
"Mi plezure trinkus glason da brando," li diris. Kaj li restis
malgxojeta, dum cxiuj aliaj ekridis.
NOVA MISTERO!
KARA KAJ ESTIMATA LEGINTO,
Vi legis cxi tiun aventuron gxis la fino. Sendube vi estas kontenta, ke
cxio finigxis bone. Sed cxu vi rimarkis, ke en la rakonto grava
kontrauxdiro trovigxas? Alivorte, en unu loko la auxtoro diras ion, kaj
en alia li diras la kontrauxon. Vi ne rimarkis, cxu vere? Bedauxrinde!
Nun vi devos relegi la tutan tekston por trovi, pri kio temas. Legu
atente, kaj se post unu legado vi ne trovis, relegu duan fojon, trian
fojon, ktp. Certe vi fine trovos. Kaj se ne, nu, la vortoj kaj
esprimmanieroj de esperanto pli bone metigxos en vian kapeton...
DEMANDOJ, SED NE EKZERCOJ
CXar tiu cxi estas la lasta cxapitro de la GERDA-kurso, ne estas
demandoj pri la teksto, kaj ne estas ekzercoj. En ilia loko estas
demandoj pri la tuta kurso, pri via opinio pri la kurso. Mi esperas, ke
vi zorge respondos ilin, cxar viaj respondoj helpos nin plibonigi la
kurson.
Respondu per multegaj vortoj!
Kiom da Esperanto vi jam sciis, kiam vi komencis la GERDA-kurson? Kiel
vi lernis Esperanton antauxe?
CXu la GERDA-kurso estis por vi utila? CXu vi sukcesis multe lerni per
gxi? CXu vi gxuis gxin?
CXu vi pensas, ke la teksto uzita (la rakonto "Gerda malaperis!")
estis bone elektita? CXu gxia lingvajxo estas tro simpla? CXu la
rakonto estas tro stulta, infaneca aux malinteresa?
CXu la demandoj pri la teksto estis utilaj? CXu eble estus pli bone
havi nur ekzercojn post cxiu cxapitro, sen demandoj? CXu la demandoj
estu malpli simplaj, por ke oni povu respondi ilin per pli da vortoj?
CXu la ekzercoj estis utilaj? CXu la vortaro-ekzercoj, en kiuj oni
devas parigi vortojn kaj difinojn, estis utilaj? Kiuj estis la plej
utilaj ekzercoj, kaj kiuj estis la malplej utilaj? CXu vi povas proponi
aliajn specojn de ekzercoj?
CXu la "vortlisto" estis suficxe bona? CXu gxi enhavu pli da gramatikaj
klarigoj, aux pli da ekzemploj? CXu gxi estu havebla en aliaj lingvoj?
CXu eble vi ecx povus helpi traduki gxin al alia lingvo?
CXu vi uzis aux havas iujn aliajn lernilojn, ekzemple vortaron aux
lernolibron pri Esperanto? Kiujn?
CXu vi volas plulerni Esperanton? Kiel? CXu kurso simila al la
GERDA-kurso, sed kun bonaj literaturaj tekstoj anstataux la
GERDA-rakonto, estus utila por vi? CXu vi preferus simple trastudi iun
libron en Esperanto? CXu vi volus trastudi libron diskutante gxin kun
iu? CXu vi volas lerni pli pri la historio kaj celoj de la
Esperanto-Movado?
From etg10@cus.cam.ac.uk Thu Apr 27 23:39 CST 1995
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Date: Thu, 27 Apr 95 15:10 BST
From: etg10@cus.cam.ac.uk (E.T. Grimley Evans)
To: bwechner@alumni.aitec.edu.au
Subject: GERDA vortlisto.en
Content-Type: text
Content-Length: 36271
Status: RO
X-Status:
1 (UNU)
al to; towards
alta high; tall
angulo corner, angle
bela beautiful; handsome
blonda fair, blond(e)
demandas ask(s)
demando question
diras say(s), tell(s)
ebla possible
eble maybe, perhaps, possibly
en in
estas am, is, are
fakte as a matter of fact
fakto fact
granda big, large, great
ho oh!
iras go, goes
jen here is, here are, behold
jes yes
juna young
kaj and
kara dear
kio what
kiu who
knabino girl
knabo boy
kun with
la the
laboras work(s)
li he, him
mi I, me
mondo world
multaj many
multe much
ne no, not
nenio nothing
nova new
nu well (as in: well, as far as I'm concerned...)
nun now
nur only
okazas happens
plej most
restoracio restaurant
rigardas look(s) (at)
saluton hullo!, hi!
sed but
serioza serious, earnest
scias know(s)
sidas sit(s)
sincera sincere
sola alone; (the) only (...)
speciala special
spegulo mirror
studento student
tiu that one, that
tro too, too much, too many
tuta whole, entire
tute quite
universitato university
venas come(s)
vera true, real
vere really
versxajna probable, likely
versxajne probably
vi you
virino woman
viro man, male
-o noun
vera, "true" > la vero, "the truth"
ebla, "possible" > eblo, "possibility"
li demandas, "he asks" > demando, "a question"
mi scias, "I know" > scio, "knowledge"
-a adjective
viro, "man" > vira "masculine"
angulo, "angle" > angula, "angular"
-e adverb
bela, "beautiful" > bele, "beautifully"
knabina, "girlish" > knabine, "in a girlish way", "girlishly"
vi demandas, "you ask" > demande, "questioningly"
-as verb, present tense
serioza, "serious" > mi seriozas, "I'm being serious", "I'm
speaking seriously"
kunsido (kun + sido), "a session", literally: "a sitting-
with", "a sitting together" > vi kunsidas, "you hold a session", "you
have a meeting"
-u verb, imperative
iru!, "go!"
venu!, "come!"
vi sidas, "you're sitting" > sidu! "be seated"
mal- opposite
alta, "high" > malalta, "low"
vero, "truth" > malvero, "falsehood"
-in- female
knabo, "boy" > knabino, "girl"
Kiu estas Gerda?, "Who is Gerda?"
Kiu scias?, "Who knows?"
Kiu knabo laboras?, "Which boy is working?"
Al kiu knabino li iras?, "Which girl does he go to?"
En kiu universitato sxi laboras?, "In which university does she work?"
la viro, kiu rigardas, "the man who is looking"
la universitato, en kiu mi laboras, "the univerity in which I work"
la knabo, al kiu vi rigardas, "the boy (which) you are looking at"
2 (DU)
agas act(s)
alia other, another
bona good
bone well
certa certain
certe certainly
cxu interrogative particle
diable ! gosh!
diablo devil
direkto direction
diskreta discreet
dum during; while
ej ! hey! oh!
forta strong
haltas stop(s)
igxas become(s)
ili they
inter between, among
io something
iom a bit, somewhat, rather
iom post iom little by little
iomete a little
ke that (as in: I know that..., he says that...)
kvaza~u as though, as if
lia his
mano hand
mistera mysterious
mistere mysteriously
mistero mystery
montras show(s)
natura natural
nature naturally
naturo nature
ne plu not any more, no more
ni we
pala pale
parolas speak(s), talk(s)
petas ask(s) for
plu further, more
pordo door
post after
prava right (in opinion, conduct, etc.)
prave right (adverb)
pravas am, is or are right
proksima near
rapida quick
revenas come(s) back
se if
staras stand(s)
stranga strange
strange strangely
sxi she
sxia her, hers
taso cup
tre very
turnas turns
ulo fellow, guy, individual
vidas see(s)
volas want(s)
cxu :
li venas, "he 's coming" > cxu li venas?, "is he coming?
vi scias, "you know" > cxu vi scias?, "do you know?"
-igx- become(s)..., get(s)...
proksima, "near" > ili proksimigxas, "they're drawing nearer
stara, "standing" > li starigxas, "he stands up"
viro, "man", "male" > la knabo virigxas. "the boy is becoming a
man"
rapida, "quick" > rapidigxo, "acceleration"
re- repetition, return
sxi vidas, "she sees" > sxi revidas, "she sees again"
ni venas, "we're coming" > ni revenas, "we're coming back"
li fortigxas, "he becomes strong" > li refortigxas, "he
recovers his strength"
bela, "beautiful" > sxi rebeligxas, "she's becoming beautiful
again", "she's recovering her beauty" > rebeligxo, "the fact of
recovering one's beauty"
-ulo a person
juna, "young" > junulo, "a youth"
forta, "strong" > fortulo, "a hefty guy"
-n direct object of a verb
li vidas vin, li vin vidas, vin li vidas, vidas li vin, vidas vin li,
"he sees you"
vi vidas lin, vi lin vidas, lin vi vidas, vidas vi lin, vidas lin vi,
"you see him"
Mi ne povas vidi, cxu estas io inter mi kaj vi. "I can't see whether
there is something between you and me."
Mi ne povas vidi, se estas io inter mi kaj vi. "If there is something
between me and you, then I can't see."
3 (TRI)
ami to love
amo love (noun)
anka~u also
aspekti to look like
aspekto look, appearance; aspect
bonan tagon good afternoon, good morning, good day
cxe at, by, next to
de of, from
deklari to state
deklaro statement, declaration
esprimi to express
esprimo expression
grava important
gravi to matter
gxi it
jam already
kiel as, like; how
kompreneble of course (litt. understandably)
kompreni to understand
ne gravas it doesn't matter, never mind
pardoni to forgive
permesi to allow
pli more
povas can, may
povi to be able to
preferi to prefer
pri about, concerning
saluti to greet
simpla simple
spiono spy
sur on
tablo table
tago day
tamen however, all the same, nevertheless
tio that
tuj immediately
vizagxo face
tio ne gravas that doesn't matter
ne tio gravas that is not the thing that matters
li aspektas kiel studento he looks like a student
sxi aspektas june (also in use, although purists disapprove: sxi
aspektas juna) she looks young
-j plural
viro, "man" > viroj, "men
virino, "woman" > virinoj, "women"
juna viro, "young man" > junaj viroj, "young men"
bela tago "beautiful day" > belaj tagoj, "beautiful days"
-i infinitive
kompreni estas pardoni, "to understand is to forgive"
mi salutas lin, "I greet him";
mi volas saluti lin, "I want to greet him"
li komprenas, "he understands";
li povas kompreni, "he can understand";
la povo kompreni, "the ability to understand"
-is verb, past tense
mi estis, "I was"
li venis, "he came"
sxi amis vin, "she loved you", "she used to love you"
-ebl- possibility
kompreni, "to understand" > komprenebla, "understandable"
vidi, "to see" > videbla "visible" > nevidebla "invisible"
ami, "to love" > amebla "who can be loved", "lovable"
mal- used to form opposites
ami, "to love", ne ami, "to be unloving", malami, "to hate"
forta, "strong", ne forta OR neforta, "not strong", malforta, "weak"
amdeklaro = deklaro de amo = deklaro pri amo
4 (KVAR)
afero thing, matter; business
ajxo thing, object (synonymous with "afero", but rather more concrete)
anta~u in front of; before (prep.)
anta~ue before, beforehand (adv.)
arto art
deziri to wish
do so, then, thus
ekzisti to exist
fako specialization, branch, department; pigeon-hole, compartment
ideo idea
instrui to teach
kiam when
komuniki to communicate
koni to be acquainted with, to know
konsideri to consider
konsenti to agree
kripta cryptic
kriptografio cryptography
lerni to learn
lingvo language
lingvistiko linguistics
malpli less
mesagxo message
neniam never
nomo name
oni one, people, they, we, you
por for; in order to
profesoro professor
respondi to answer
rilati to relate
rilato relationship
scienco science
sekreta secret (adj.)
sekreto (a) secret
temas pri it's about... (such or such a topic)
temo subject, topic
voli diri to mean
ne tute not quite
tute ne not at all
-ajxo concrete manifestation, external manifestation, something
having the quality of..., something that...
nova, "new" > novajxo, "news", "novelty"
okazi, "to happen" > okazajxo, "event"
arto, "art" > artajxo, "objet d'art"
kriptajxo = kripta afero, io kripta
kriptajxoscienco = scienco pri kriptajxoj
5 (KVIN)
absurda absurd
ankora~u still
ankora~u ne not yet
atenti pay attention
atento attention
cetere besides
cxi (denotes nearness)
cxi tie here
cxi tio this (thing)
cxi tiu this; this one
da of (after expression of quantity)
dramo drama
drogo drug
evidenta obvious
eta small
for away
havi to have
imagi to imagine
imago imagination
iu some; somebody
kasxe stealthily
kasxi to hide, to conceal
normala normal
ofta frequent
ofte often
paro couple, pair
peco piece, bit
plena full
plene fully, completely
posxo pocket
promeni to go for a walk
pulvoro powder
sekundo second (of time)
subita sudden
subite suddenly
substanco substance
sukcesi to succeed
sukero sugar
super over; above
sxajni to seem
tiam then
tie there
tie cxi here
tiel so, that way, thus
tio cxi this
tiu cxi this (before a noun)
tio cxi = cxi tio
tiu cxi = cxi tiu
tie cxi = cxi tie
tiu cxi viro estas juna, "this man is young"
tio cxi estas nekomprenebla, "this is incomprehensible"
-us verb, conditional
se mi konus lin, mi irus, "if I knew him, I'd go"
mi dezirus demandi vin, "I'd like to ask you"
-n direct object of a verb
mi konas tiun junan viron, "I know that young man"
tiun junan viron mi konas, "I know that young man"
tiun junan viron konas mi, "I know that young man"
tiu juna viro konas min, "that young man knows me"
tiu juna viro min konas, "that young man knows me"
min konas tiu juna viro, "that young man knows me"
kiu vidis lin?, "who saw him?"
kiun vidis li?, "whom did he see?"
la viro, kiun rigardis la knabino, "the man the girl was looking at"
la viro, kiu rigardis la knabinon, "the man who was looking at the girl"
ek- commencement, suddenness
iri, "to go" > ekiri, "to set off"
sidi, "to sit" > eksidi, "to sit down"
-et- diminutive
virino, "woman" > virineto, "little woman"
bela, "beautiful" > beleta, "pretty"
mi komprenas, "I understand" > mi komprenetas, "I understand
more or less", "I think I understand"
for- away
iri, "to go" > foriri, "to go away"
esti, "to be" > foresti, "to be absent" > foresto, "absence"
-ujo container
sukero, "sugar" > sukerujo, "sugar basin"
6 (SES)
amba~u both
a~udi to hear
bruo noise
decidi to decide
decido decision
devas must
devi to have to, to be obliged to
devo duty
diskuti to discuss
diskuto discussion
fali to fall
falo (the, a) fall (not season)
kafo coffee
koridoro hallway, hall, corridor
meti to put
observi to observe
pensi to think
perdi to lose
resti to stay, to remain
riski to risk
sama same
tempo time
timi to fear, to be afraid
trankvila calm, tranquil
cxu li iras? "is he going?"
cxu li iru? "should he go?"
cxu li irus? "would he go?"
kion mi diras? "what am I saying?"
kion mi diru? "what should I say?"
la taso falis sur la tablo, "the cup, which was already on the table,
fell (staying on the table)"
la taso falis sur la tablon, "the cup fell onto the table"
li promenis en la gxardeno, "he was walking in the garden"
li promenis en la gxardenon, "he walked into the garden"
7 (SEP)
almena~u at least
apena~u hardly, scarcely
a~utoritato authority
bati to beat
doktoro doctor
dormi to sleep
fari to do, to make
flegi to nurse (in sickness)
flegisto male nurse
flegistino nurse
gxis till, until
gxusta correct, right, exact
informi to inform
informo information
kapo head
komforta comfortable
konscia conscious
konscii to be conscious, to be aware
konscio consciousness
koro heart
kuraci to attend (a patient)
kuracisto physician
kusxi to lie, to recline
memori to remember
ol than
opinii to think, to opine
opinio opinion
piedo foot
pozicio position
semajno week
sendi to send
unu one
unua first
unue at first, to begin with
vivi to live
voki to call
-os verb, future tense
mi estos, "I'll be"
cxu vi venos? "will you come?"
ili komprenos, "they'll understand"
-isto habitual occupation, profession
instrui, "to teach" > instruisto, "teacher"
labori, "to work" > laboristo, "worker"
Note: In the plural, the n form is added to the j:
mi konas belajn knabinojn, "I know beautiful girls"
grandajn manojn li havas, "he has big hands"
la viroj, kiujn sxi amas, "the men she loves"
la viroj, kiuj sxin amas, "the men who love her".
The n form is used not only to show the direct object of a verb or the
direction of a movement, but also in expressions of time, duration,
measure and value, when there is no preposition:
mi restis la tutan semajnon, "I stayed the whole week" (in such
cases, the n form replaces a preposition which is understood; thus, if
you use the preposition, you should not use the n form; you can express
the same idea saying: mi restis dum la tuta semajno, "I stayed during
the whole week".)
li venis la postan tagon, "he came the following day"
gxi estas unu metron alta, "it is one meter high"
8 (OK)
atendi to wait
a~u or
a~uto car
a~utomato automaton
balda~u soon
buso bus
cxambro room
cxar because
cxiaokaze in any case
destino destiny
ecx even
ekster outside (preposition)
ekstere outside (adverb, situation)
eksteren outside (adverb, direction)
el out of, from
helpi to help
korpo body
kruro leg
longa long
mem self
memserva restoracio cafeteria
nokto night
pasxi to step, to walk
pasxo step
per by means of, with
rugxa red
sekvi to follow
senti to feel
servi to serve
si himself, herself, oneself, themselves
suspekti to suspect
tien there, to(wards) that place
tomato tomato
tra through
urbo town, city
vespero evening
-ejo place (often collective)
dormi, "to sleep" > dormejo, "dormitory" ("bedroom" is dormocxambro)
lerni, "to learn" > lernejo, "school"
li a~utas en la urbo, "he drives in town"
li a~utas en la urbon, "he drives into the town"
li a~utas tie, "he drives there, in there"
li a~utas tien, "he drives there, thither"
sxi mem diris gxin, "she said it herself"
sxi diris gxin al si, "she said it to herself"
ili komprenos tion mem, "they'll understand that by themselves"
ili komprenos sin, "they'll understand themselves"
ili komprenos unu la alian, "they'll understand one another"
ili komprenos ilin, "they'll understand them"
li amis sxin, "he loved her"
li amis lin, "he loved him"
li amis sin, "he loved himself"
li amis sxian flegistinon, "he loved her nurse"
li amis lian flegistinon, "he loved his (i.e. his friend's) nurse"
li amis sian flegistinon, "he loved his (own) nurse"
"I'll go there by car":
mi tien iros a~ute (I'll go there 'car-wise')
mi tien iros per a~uto (I'll go there by means of a car)
mi tien iros en a~uto (I'll go there in a car)
mi tien a~utos (I'll 'car' there)
9 (NA~U)
administra administrative
administri to administer
ajn ...-ever, no matter wh...
iu ajn anybody; any
io ajn anything
amiko friend
bani to bathe (somebody)
bani sin to have a bath, to bathe
blua blue
dika thick
epoko epoch, age
generacio generation
grasa fat
haro hair
homo human being
kelkaj some, a few
kial why
kie where
kie ajn wherever
kiu ajn whoever
kiun ajn whomsoever
klaso class
kompati to pity
kompatinda poor, to be pitied
kredi to believe
lasi to leave, to let
loko place
meze de in the middle of
mezo middle
minuto minute (time)
muro wall
neniu nobody; no ..., not any
ofico function, post
oficejo office
okulo eye
okupi to occupy
okupigxi pri to attend to something, to busy oneself with
okupi sin pri = okupigxi pri
provi to try
ronda round
rondo round, ring, circle
sana healthy
sen without
sveni to faint
tradicio tradition
trovi to find
tusxi to touch
urgxa urgent
vorto word
vortaro dictionary
zorgi to care for, to be concerned over, to be anxious about
zorgo worry; care
kien ajn vi iros, mi sekvos vin, "wherever you go, I'll follow you"
mi faros kion ajn vi diros, "I'll do whatever you say"
li diras ion ajn, "he says anything"
iru ien ajn, "go anywhere", "go wherever you please"
-ita past passive participle
fari, "to do", "to make" > farita, "done", "made"
vidi, "to see" > vidita, "seen"
perdita peco, "a lost piece"
ni estas informitaj, "we are informed"
-ad- action, particularly prolonged or repeated
paroli, "to speak" > paroladi, "to make a speech", "to speak at
length"
la penso, "the thought" > la pensado, "(the process of) thinking"
memoro, "memory" > memorado "the fact of remembering"
la respondo estis longa, "the answer was long"
la respondado estis longa, "the answering was long", "it took a
long time for all the answers to be expressed"
li rigardis, "he looked", li ekrigardis, "he glanced", li
rigardadis, "he looked at length", "he looked on and on"
-ar- collective, group
vorto, "word" > vortaro, "dictionary", "vocabulary"
homo, "human being" > homaro, "mankind"
la studentaro, "the student body (of a university)"
la kuracistaro, "the medical profession", "all the doctors (in
the area)"
-inda worthiness
ami, "to love" > aminda, "loveable"
vidi, "to see" > vidinda, "worth seeing"
havi, "to have" > havinda, "worth having"
inda / ebla:
havinda, "worth having", havebla, "available"
aminda, "who deserves to be loved"
amebla, "who can be loved"
sen without
senkora, "heartless"; senforta, "strengthless"; senhelpa,
"helpless"; senkompate, "mercilessly"
10 (DEK)
aventuro adventure
dangxero danger
danki to thank
ege extremely
ema inclined
emi to be inclined to
facila easy
fidi to trust, to rely on
fusxi to botch, to mess up, to bungle
reciproke mutually
silenti to be silent
silento silence
sinjoro mister
sxati to like
unua first
-eg- augmentative
bona, "good" > bonega, "excellent"
bela, "beautiful" > belega, "splendid"
urbo, "town" > urbego, "a large city"
labori, "to work" > laboregi, "to work hard", "to exert oneself"
-em- tendency
paroli, "to speak" > parolema, "talkative"
agi, "to act" > agema, "active", "enterprising"
timi, "to be afraid" > timema, "fearful", "timid"
mis- wrongly
kompreni, "to understand" > miskompreni, "to misunderstand"
pasxo, "a step" > mispasxo, "a blunder"
11 (DEK UNU)
afabla kind, affable
akcepti to accept
aldoni to add
arangxi to arrange
banala trite, commonplace
bonvoli to be so good as
cxiam always
dankon thank you
ne dankinde you're welcome
entute at all
fermi to close, to shut
fini to finish
funkcii to function, to work
gxeni to inconvenience, to hamper
igi to render, to cause (somebody to do something,
something to develop in a certain way), to make (such and such)
kontenta glad, satisfied
kiel eble plejas... as possible
konsentite OK, all right, agreed
malfermi to open
maniero manner
manki to be lacking
mekaniko mechanics
miksi to mix
miri to be amazed
motoro motor
objekto object, thing
oportuna convenient, handy
ordo order
panei to break down, to stop functioning
paneo mechanical failure
ripari to repair, to mend
ripeti to repeat
sagxa wise
seka dry
tia such
trovigxi to be found, to be (at ...)
turni sin al to address, to speak to, to apply, to ask, to contact
veturi to go (by some sort of vehicle)
-ante present active participle, adverbial form
laborante, li silentis, "when working, he kept silent"
ni diskutis promenante, "we talked while taking a walk"
vi lernos la lingvon parolante gxin, "you'll learn the language
by speaking it"
-ig- causative
granda, "big" > grandigi, "to enlarge"
(pli) forta, "strong(er)" > (pli)fortigi, "to strengthen"
facila, "easy" > faciligi, "to facilitate"
scii, "to know" > sciigi, "to inform" or "to make known"
stari, "to stand" > starigi, "to set up"
kontenta, "glad" > kontentiga, "satisfactory"
maltrankvila, "troubled", "restless", "anxious" >
maltrankviliga, "disquieting"
-ilo implement
labori, "to work" > laborilo, "tool"
dormi, "to sleep" > dormigi, "to make somebody sleep" >
dormigilo, "sleeping pill"
veturi, "to go (not on foot)", "to travel" > veturilo,
"vehicle"
12 (DEK DU)
acxeti to buy
akvo water
apud beside, near
brando brandy
cxio everything
denove again
doloro pain
doni to give
duone half
eksplodi to explode
fra~ulino Miss
glaso glass
gxemi to groan, to moan
heziti to hesitate
ja indeed; sure enough
kiom how much, how many
klara clear, plain
kvankam although
largxa broad
la~u according to; along
morti to die
plezuro pleasure
polico police
porti to carry
pripensi to reflect, to ponder, to think over
ricevi to receive
segxo chair
soifi to be thirsty
soifo thirst
suficxa sufficient
tiom so much, so many
trinki to drink
al- approach, drawing near, bringing closer
veni, "to come" > alveni, "to arrive"
iri, "to go", > aliri, "to approach"
porti, "to carry" > alporti, "to bring"
paroli, "to speak" > alparoli, "to address"
kapjesi = kap + jes + i = "to nod" ("head" + "yes" + verb. ending)
scivola = sci + vol + a = "curious" ("know" + "want" + adj. ending =
"who wants to know")
klarigi = klar + ig + i = "to explain" ("clear" + "render" + verb.
ending = "to make clear")
survizagxe = sur + vizagx + e = "on (his, her) face" ( "on" + "face" +
adv. ending = sur (la, lia, sxia) vizagxo)
a > e:
facila laboro, "an easy job", facile labori, "to work easily"
la laboro estas facila, "the work is easy"
labori estas facile, "working is easy"
estas facile labori, "it is easy to work"
estas bone lerni la lingvon, "it is good to learn the language"
ripari la a~uton estas dezirinde, "it is desirable to mend the
car"; riparado de la a~uto estas dezirinda, "repairing of the car is
desirable"
tiu demando estas nediskreta, "that question is indiscreet";
tion demandi estas nediskrete, "it is indiscreet to inquire on
that point"
estis klare, ke la laboron faros li, "it was clear that he was the one
who would do the job"; estis klara decido, ke la laboron faros li, "it
was a clear decision that he would do the job"
estus bone, se vi povus veni, "it would be good if you could come";
estus bona afero, se vi povus veni, "it would be a good thing if you
could come"
"ja" often refers to the cause of the thing dealt with in the preceding
statement, but it is also used simply to emphasize a point:
mi ne povas gxin porti, gxi ja estas tro granda, "I cannot carry it, it
is too heavy"
li certe venos, li ja tre deziras vidi vin, "he will certainly come,
for he wants badly to see you"
vi ja scias ..., "you sure know ...", "no doubt, you know ..."
cxu li ne venos? - jes ja!, "won't he come?" - "oh yes, he will,
definitely"
13 (DEK TRI)
absorbi to engross
beda~uri to regret
centro center
da~uri to last
da~urigi to continue (something)
ekzemplo example
felicxa happy
felicxe fortunately; happily
forgesi to forget
gxentila polite, courteous
gxoja glad, merry, cheerful
gxojo joy
hotelo hotel
ie some place, somewhere
interesa interesting
interesi to interest
internacia international
komenci to begin
konato acquaintance
koncerni to concern
koncerne ...n concerning
krome moreover
kutimi to be accustomed to
kutimo habit, custom
momento moment
nacia national
nacio nation
nekonato an unknown person
perfekta perfect
persono person
peza heavy
preciza precise
proponi to suggest, to propose; to offer
rajti to be entitled to
rajto (the) right (to do something)
rakonti to tell (a story), to narrate
ridi to laugh
rideti to smile
rimarki to notice
simila similar
stulta stupid, silly, dull
sxofori to drive
sxoforo driver, chauffeur
teatro theater
vojo way, road
koncerne vian proponon, "concerning your suggestion"
kiom koncernas min, "as far as I am concerned"
14 (DEK KVAR)
aero air
brako arm
domo house
du two
esperi to hope
fantomo ghost
fenestro window
fenestrokovriloshutter
horo hour
humuro humour
iam sometime, once
infano child
kampo field
kanti to sing
kovri to cover
krii to shout, to call out
kuri to run
kuragxa brave
kuragxo courage
laca tired
la~uta loud
libera free
lito bed
ludi to play
lumo (the, a) light
malanta~u behind
marsxi to march; to walk
monto mountain
movi to move (something)
muskolo muscle
nek... nek... neither... nor...
nenie nowhere
patro father
patrino mother
plendi to complain
plori to weep
pura clean; pure
roko rock
sinsekve consecutively
situacio situation
soni to sound
suno sun
sxlosi to lock
sxlosilo key
sxtono stone
varma warm
veki to wake (somebody) up
vocxo voice
-ata present passive participle
konata, "(who is) known"
rigardata, "that is being looked at"
-inta past active participle
aminta, "having loved"
laborinta, "having worked"
-eco abstract name of quality
libera, "free" > libereco, "freedom"
viro, "man (male)" > vireco, "virility"
unu, "one" > unueco, "unity"
mi vekas lin, "I wake him up", li vekigxas, "he wakes up";
mi movas gxin, "I move it", gxi movigxas, "it moves";
li komencas la rakonton, "he begins the story", la rakonto
komencigxas, "the story begins"
ata > ita (compare as > is)
farata laboro, "a job which is (in the process of) being done";
farita laboro, "a job which has been done, which is finished"
[comp.: mi faras la laboron, "I'm doing the job", mi faris la laboron,
"I've done the job".]
vekata amiko, "a friend I am trying to wake up", "a friend who is being waked up";
vekita amiko, "a friend who has been woken up, who is awake"
ellitigxi = igxi el lito = to get up (litt. to get out of bed)
fenestrokovrilo, "shutter" < "a device", "a thing" (ilo) "that covers"
(kovr-) "a window" (fenestro)
-ega (augmentative), -iga (causative):
lacega, "exhausted", "awfully tired"
laciga, "tiring" ("causing to be tired")
kuragxega, "extremely brave", "bold", "intrepid"
kuragxiga, "encouraging"
15 (DEK KVIN)
cent hundred
cxefa principal, chief
cxokolado chocolate
dek ten
dek kvar fourteen
dekstra right (hand)
maldekstra left (hand)
dolcxa sweet
flanko side
frue early
hiera~u yesterday
kvar four
kvardek forty
kvardek kvar 44
magazeno store, shop
mateno morning
meblo piece of furniture
nazo nose
pano bread
papero paper
plani to plan
plano plan
plenplena completely full
posxto post, mail
raporti to report
sako bag
speco kind, sort
sporto sport
strato street
sxanco chance
tasko task
teo tea
vendi to sell
bonsxanca lucky, fortunate
devojigxi (< de + voj + igxi), "to stray from", "to deviate"
16 (DEK SES)
acxa wretched, no good, loathsome
atmosfero atmosphere
bonkora good-hearted
bruna brown
biero beer
finfine eventually (litt. at the end of the end)
flugi to fly
fojo time, occasion (tri fojojn, three times; unufoje, once)
furioza furious
gratuli to congratulate
grupo group
hundo dog
je indefinite preposition
jxus just, a moment ago
kato cat
kelnero waiter
kia what a ...; what kind of
koko rooster
koloro color
krom apart from; except for
kuko cake
kune together
kvin five
mangxi to eat
menuo menu
mil thousand
milito war
militservo military service
muziko music
na~u nine
noti to note
numero number (of house, of ticket, in a series, etc.)
ok eight
plafono ceiling
plato slab, plate
pse~udo- pseudo-
reala real, actual
rompi to break
salato salad
soldato soldier
supo soup
telero plate
tri three
turka Turkish
vesti to dress, to clothe
-acx- disparagement
domo, "house" > domacxo, "hovel"
hundo, "dog" > hundacxo, "cur"
ridi, "to laugh" > ridacxi, "to sneer"
-ido young of animal
koko, "rooster" > kokido, "chicken" > kokidajxo, "chicken meat"
(kokino, "hen")
porko, "pig" > porkido, "piglet" > porkajxo, "pork" (porkino,
"sow", virporko, "boar")
bovo, "ox" > bovido, "calf" > bovidajxo, "veal" (bovajxo, "beef";
bovino, "cow"; virbovo, "bull")
cxevalo, "horse" > cxevalido, "colt" (cxevalino, "mare";
vircxevalo, "stallion")
mil na~ucent na~udek du, "1992"
dek du mil, "12,000"
kvincent kvindek kvin, "555"
kiu (identity) / kia (quality):
Kiu li estas? - Jozefo. "Who is he?" - "Joseph."
Kia li estas? - Bonkora. "What kind of a man is he?" - "Kind"
Kio li estas? - Raportisto. "What is he?" - "A reporter."
Kiun libron vi legas? - Gerda malaperis.
"Which book are you reading?" - "Gerda malaperis."
Kian libron vi legas? - Lernolibron.
"What kind of book are you reading?" - "A textbook."
Note that "okazo" has three meanings:
(1) event; (2) case; (3) opportunity
17 (DEK SEP)
aperi to appear
deksepa 17th
dua second, 2d
edzo husband
edzino wife
frato brother
fratino sister
gardi to guard
sin gardi to take care, to look out for, to watch out, to mind,
to be careful to avoid (some danger or unpleasantness)
singarda careful
historio history
honesta honest
ia some kind of
jaro year
jarcento century
kapti to catch
konduki to lead
kontroli to check, to verify
krimo crime
kvara fourth
lasta last
marko mark; brand
mono money
motivo motive
placxi to please, to be pleasing
preska~u almost
pro because of
problemo problem
ricxa rich
rolo r^ole
sep seven
sercxi to look for
solvi to solve
suko juice
sxtele stealthily
sxteli to steal
tipo type, model
tria third
uzi to use
-ano member of a group; inhabitant
urbo, "town" > urbano, "townsman"
Novjorko, "New York" > novjorkano, "New Yorker"
polico, "police" > policano, "member of the police force"
(policisto, "policeman")
lando, "country" > samlandano, "fellow-citizen"
("person from the same country")
ge- both sexes together
frato, "brother" > gefratoj, "siblings", "brothers and sisters"
patro, "father" > gepatroj, "parents"
sinjoro X (Ikso), "Mr X" > gesinjoroj X, "Mr and Mrs X"
"To get married":
Jozefo edzigxis, "Joseph got married" (litt. "became husband")
Marta edzinigxis, "Martha got married" (litt. "became wife")
Jozefo kaj Marta geedzigxis, "Joseph and Martha got married"
(litt. "became spouses")
18 (DEK OK)
anta~u longe long ago
aparato apparatus
baki to bake, to cook in an oven
bezoni to need
brakhorlogxo (a) watch
dokumento document
elporti to bear, to endure
filo son
filino daughter
frukto fruit
hejmo (the, a) home
hejme at home
hejmen (I'm going) home
horlogxo clock
jxeti to throw
kasedo cassette
legi to read
letero letter
malsata hungry
malsati to be hungry
obei to obey
obstina stubborn
orangxo orange
pasi to pass
pasigi to spend (time)
plumo pen; feather
pomo apple
preni to take
principo principle
promesi to promise
radio radio
sata satiated
serpento snake
skribi to write
suferi to suffer
sxangxi to change (something)
sxangxigxi to change (to become different)
sxiri to tear, to rip
terura terrible, awful
tial therefore
senigi iun je io, "to deprive somebody of
something" (senigi = igi sen)
"ago" = anta~u :
li laboris cxi tie anta~u du jaroj, "he used to work here two years ago"
sxi alvenis anta~u unu horo, "she arrived an hour ago"
anta~u kelkaj minutoj, "a few minutes ago"
"in" refering to some point in the future = post :
li revenos post du tagoj, "he'll come back in two days' time"
mi estos kun vi post du minutoj, "I'll be with you in two minutes"
19 (DEK NA~U)
All the words (or word roots) in chapter 19 have already be seen. You
should be able to understand it without much effort.
20 (DUDEK)
amatoro amateur
a~uskulti to listen
bonvena welcome
celo goal, purpose, aim
cxiu every, each; everybody
digna dignified; deserving
diversa varied
dubi to doubt
emo inclination
esplori to investigate
esploro research
kisi to kiss
kondicxo condition
malkovri to discover, to find out; to uncover
necesa necessary
nigra black
onklo uncle
onklino aunt
prezenti to introduce; to present
salti to jump
savi to save
seruro (a) lock
ses six
strecxi to stretch
sub under
teni to hold
sin teni to have a ... attitude, to behave (in such and such a way)
sinteno attitude, behavior
traduki to translate
trans across, on or to the other side of
verda green
viziti to visit
-anto person who ...s (present tense)
legi, "to read" > leganto, "reader"
a~uskulti, "to listen" > a~uskultanto, "listener"
-into person who ...d, who has .... (past tense)
kapti, "to catch" > kaptinto, "kidnapper", "somebody who has
made some one prisoner"
savi, "to save" > savinto, "saver", "rescuer" (after the saving
operation)
21 (DUDEK UNU)
adia~u farewell
alpreni to take on
aresti to arrest
aviadi to fly (in a plane)
aviadilo plane, aircraft
bando gang
bileto ticket
botelo bottle
Budho Buddha
detalo detail
difini to define, to determine
elito elite
enamigxi to fall in love (en + am + igxi)
filozofio philosophy
firma firm, steady
flughaveno airport
foto photograph
harmonio harmony
haveno harbor
indiki to indicate
insulo island
islamo Islam
jen... jen... sometimes... sometimes...
judo Jew
katoliko Catholic
kaverno cave
kolbaso sausage
konstante continually
kopio copy
lakto milk
lando country
libro (a) book
lui to rent, to hire
membro member
morala moral
naski to give birth to
naskigxi to be born
ortodoksa orthodox (adj.)
persekuti to persecute
popolo (a) people
protestanto Protestant
regiono region
religio religion
signalo signal
sindonema devoted (= ema doni sin)
societo (a) society, association
sxtato state (politically organized country or people)
tendo tent
trezoro treasure
valori to be worth
valoro value
22 (DUDEK DU)
danci to dance
familio family
gardostari to stand guard
hodia~u today
kosti to cost
maro sea
morga~u tomorrow
multekosta expensive
pagi to pay
parto part
prepari to prepare
rimedo means
supre upstairs, on top, above
supren up, upwards
malsupre down below, downstairs
malsupren down
sxipo ship
temperaturo temperature
tero earth; ground
vetero weather
vojagxi to travel
-eca related to, similar to, having the characteristics of ...
infano, "child" > infaneca, "childish"
sola, "alone" > soleca, "lonely", "lonesome"
rugxa, "red" > rugxeca, "reddish"
23 (DUDEK TRI)
angla English
desegni to draw, to design
desegno (a) drawing
ilo tool, implement
kavo cavity, hollow
kies whose
kofro trunk, coffer
kontra~u against
korko cork
literaturo literature
protekti to protect
signo sign
telefono telephone
tiri to pull, to draw
24 (DUDEK KVAR)
apliki to apply (something on or to something)
biblioteko library
cxesi to cease, to quit
defendi to defend
fundo bottom
gxenerala general
gxisfunde thoroughly (litt.: up to the bottom)
hazarde by chance
hazardo chance
hospitalo hospital
influo influence
injekti to inject
institucio institution
justa just, fair
kirurgio surgery (science, practice)
koncerna concerned
konsisti to consist
konstati to realize; to note; to ascertain; to observe (that...)
materio matter (material, substance)
metodo method
monato month
muzeo museum
narkoanalizo narco-analysis
operacio operation
pagxo page
praktiko practice
privata private
proksimume approximately
renkonti to meet (somebody)
renkontigxi to meet, to get together
respekti to respect
sankta holy
solena solemn
spirito spirit
studi to study
Vatikano Vatican
25 (DUDEK KVIN)
Dio God
estimi to esteem
farti to fare
insisti to insist
inviti to invite
kadro framework, frame
kolego colleague
komenti to comment
kurso course
organizi to organize
paperujo wallet, pocket-book
pluraj several
rifuzi to refuse
stato state, condition, state of affairs
teksto text
Reiru al la
indekso
por aliaj cxapitroj.